Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics

R. B. Gupta

Abstract

Most of the European countries have reached to the final stage of demographic transition. Death rates of these countries have already acquired a more or less constant value, while the fertility rates are still fluctuating, but near to the contant value. On the contrary, the developing countries (Most of the Asian and African countries) are still at the second stage of demographic transition. The death rates in these countries are also acquiring the constant status, but the fertility rates are still high, resulting to very high growth rates.

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R. B. Gupta

Abstract

In most of the Western countries it has been observed that the expectation of life at birth for females is higher than for males, and the difference is increasing over time. This phenomenon has also been observed in some of the 'ECAFE' countries, viz., Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia etc. (Table 1.1). Besides the countries mentioned above, Latin American countries are also having a similar trend of the expectation of life at birth (Table 1.2). But in the case of India, Pakistan and Ceylon this phenomenon is not true (Table 1.3). For India, it has been observed that since 1931, the expectation of life at birth for males has been higher than that for females. According to the report on the population projections worked out under the guidance of the Expert Committee set up by the Planning Commission under the Chairmanship of the Registrar General of India, for more than two decades, the expectation of life at birth for males will remain higher than that for females by a constant difference of 1.3 years. The all-India projections of population by sex have been worked out for the years 1951 through 1986.

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R. B. Gupta

Abstract

The labour force or the economic active population (consists of the employed and the unemployed persons seeking work for first time or employed before but out of job, also includes unpaid family workers) is the backbone of a country's economic structure. The distribution of this population among different age groups is an important phenomenon. It is of great interest for planners and policy makers to observe persons entering into labour force, how long they would remain in that status, at what age they would retire from, how many would leave this status due to death at each age and the amount of losses in labour force due to retirement?

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